compressor-technology-and-its-problemsTotal pressure ratio1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010YearGE90PW4084Turbofans with lowbypass ratiosTubofans with highbypass ratios806040200Historical trend of the total pressure ratios of civilian sub-sonic turbine enginesHistorical trend of the total pressure ratios of fighter aircraft turbine enginesThe increase of the total pressure ratio places highdemands on compressor technology and makestypical problems even more acute.Total pressure ratioYear1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000Multiple-shaft enginesAl-7FAvon 207F100-100F404-402F100-129F100-220F100-229R-29AL-31AL-21RD-33EJ200TF30-109TF41-1BJ57-21BJ79-17AJ79-15RB199TF30-111J75-17Single-shaft enginesTF30-10335302520151060Fighter aircraftengines for comparison