environmental-protection-and-engine-construction In order to fulfill the demands of environ-mental protection, specific problems of civilian engine construction must be solved. High bypass ratioHigh total pressure ratioHigh operating temperaturesLow deteriorationFuture:Gearing for fan powerHeat exchangersCO2 reduction Minimizing fuel consumptionNOx reductionNo sootLow combustion temperaturesNoise protectionShaping fan bladesMeasures in housings, in the fan area, and at the exhaust gas outletIncreased ProblemsMaintaining clearances(engine deformation)Hot part life spanOperating behavior ofthe compressorVibration problemsEngine weightCostsContainmentInstability problems incombustion (flickering) - Vibration problems - FrettingWeightCostsRequirementsMeasuresA1A1A2A2A6A6A7A7B1B1C1C1C1C2C2C1C2C2A5A5A4A4A3A3