material-flawsMaterial flaws can have a complex historyand their appearance can change severaltimes. They are usually flaws inside the material.Casting:Shaping: Powdermetallurgy:Heat treatment:Semi-finished/raw partsCavities, pores, cracks, structuralflaws, fouling, segregation,residual stresses, deformation,undesirable diffusion Cracks, residual stresses,structural flaws (grain size,grain orientation)Cracking, structural flawsdiffusion damageresidual stressesFlaws, inclusions,structural flaws, residualporosity, deformationMelting:Deviation in the composition,gas in solution, foreign materialparticlesSee Illustration:15.1-1215.1-1515.2-415.2-615.2-915.2-1415.2-1715.2-2015.1-1015.1-1215.2-115.2-215.2-415.2-715.2-815.2-915.2-1015.2-2115.2-2215.2-2315.3-1215.1-1615.1-1715.1-1815.3-1515.1-1715.2-615.2-1115.2-1315.1-1315.1-1415.2-1115.2-1915.2-2215.3-11