damage-potential-of-hot-metal-particlesExothermal metallic(burning) droplets(titanium in air)Glowing hardparticles (sparks)Metal droplets withno notable oxidationHot metal particles can differ considerably in their thermalenergy and damage potential.Deep influenceLarge heatingareaMeltingDiffusionLarge area affectedby tensile stresses fromplastic deformation orshrinkage fromsolidificationEmbrittlement throughmelting (recast layer)and/or oxygen absorptionCracking, LMEStructure changes withstrength lossesMay appear a largedistance from thepoint of origin.Potentialheat energy:Occurs in processessuch as:Characteristics:Damage:Fairly deep effectConsiderable areaof heat development"Sticking" all theway to fusionTensile stress fromplastic deformation;Embrittlement due tofusion (recast layer)Cracking through LMEStructure changeswith strength lossesMaterial break-outs(notches) duringremovalDifficult to detect if theydeveloped in a vacuum orinert gas and were thenremoved from the surface.Only indicative ofdamage if fused tosurface. May appeara large distance fromthe point of origin.Usually minorReworking(possibility depends on detection)Usually good, may be polished off Difficult: considerablesurface material removalrequired Usually possible, depending on necessarymaterial removalGrinding,Separating,High-speedmachining,Friction weldingGrinding,Separating,Fusion weldingEB weldingCutting and boring ofmetals using energybeamsSplashes from weldingIn airIn a vacuum or inert gasIn air